perspective
 

Social Interaction:
- Social interaction can often be awkward, inappropriate, and unsuccessful.
- Although a person may want social interaction, unusual verbal and nonverbal communication can be a cause for limited and difficult relationships with others.
- Nonverbal cues and nuanced social situations may confound a person with limited social understanding and communication strategies.
- Eye gaze, facial expressions, body language, gestures, and tone of voice may not be noticed, understood, or used in an acceptable manner.
- Lack of reciprocity, being unresponsive and showing lack of interest in a social situation, can stall an interaction.
- Imaginative play with others may be copied, rigid and repetitive.
- Peer groups may be unaccepting of subtle differences and "quirkiness".
- Social partners may be put off by communication that dwells on a limited number of favorite topics.
- Dating may present many unexpected and challenging situations.
- Understanding the intentions of others may be difficult.
- Understanding how an action or response might be received by others may be limited.
- Mastering the unwritten social rules of a peer group may be very difficult.
- A person may tend to be brutally honest in all situations and unaware or unconcerned about how the comment may be received.
- Social executive function is required to process and respond in a timely fashion in conversation.
      - One must consider and adjust to the thoughts and emotions of oneself and a social partner.
      - One must consider and compare the beliefs of oneself and a social partner.
      - One must consider the prior knowledge and experience of a social partner and adjust one's message.
      - One must consider and adjust to the motives and intentions of oneself and a social partner.
- Social interaction is related in various ways to other features of autism. Please see the Perseveration Feature and the Perspective Feature in this web site.
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Links to Resource/Research Information:
- Apicella, F., Chericoni, N., Costanzo, V., Baldini, S., Billeci, L., Cohen, D., Muratori, F., Reciprocity in Interaction: A Window on the First Year of Life in Autism, Autism Research and Treatment, Volume 2013, Article ID 705895, 2013.
- Caldwell, P., Intensive Interaction: Using Body Language to Communicate, Journal on Developmental Disabilities, Volume 19, Number 1, 2013.
- Body Language 101: Tips for Adults on the Autism Spectrum, Chat for Adults with HFA and Aspergers, April, 2014.
- Crissey, P., Learning to Read Facial Expressions, Autism Asperger's Digest, January 26, 2012.
- Gaigg, S., The interplay between emotion and cognition in autism spectrum disorder: implications for developmental theory, Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 04 December 2012.
- Gernsbacher, M., Toward a Behavior of Reciprocity, Journal of Developmental Process, 2006; 1(1): 139-152.
- Ingersoll, B., Teaching Imitation to Children with Autism: A Focus on Social Reciprocity, Journal of Speech and Language Pathology - Applied Behavior Analysis, Volume 2, Issue No. 3, 2007.
- Ingersoll, B., Schreibman, L., Teaching Reciprocal Imitation Skills to Young Children with Autism Using a Naturalistic Behavioral Approach: Effects on Language, Pretend Play, and Joint Attention, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Volume 36, Issue No. 4, 2006.
- Ingersoll, B., Lewis, E., Kroman, E., Teaching the Imitation and Spontaneous Use of Descriptive Gestures in Young Children with Autism Using a Naturalistic Behavioral Intervention, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2007 Sep;37(8):1446-56.
- Interventions for Adolescents and Young Adults With AutismSpectrum Disorders, Effective Health Care Program Comparative Effectiveness Reviews, Number 65, Aug. 2012.
- Prizant, B. M. (2015) Uniquely Human. Simon & Schuster: New York, New York.
- Smith, L., Learning "Give and Take": Teaching My Son Social Reciprocity, Autism Speaks, 10/30/2014.





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