Emotions:
- Emotions may develop slowly for an autistic child.
- Identifying emotions in one self and by the facial expressions of others can be difficult.
- An autistic person may appear to lack empathy (the ability to share and understand another person’s feelings).
- There may be less effective emotion regulation strategies.
- A person may not choose to try reappraisal but more likely choose suppression.
- Greater levels of negative emotion in general are reported.
- There might be difficulty recognizing more subtle expressions of feelings
or emotions and then knowing how to respond in the situation.
- Faces may be scanned in a more random manner.
- More time may be spent looking at a person's mouth rather than the eyes and may get less information about what someone is feeling.
- A person may have Alexithymia, a condition defined by a difficulty understanding and identifying one’s own emotions.
- Early struggles may lead to significant difficulties in social interaction in later development.
- Three basic emotions recognized in one self and others are "happy", "sad", and "mad".
- Basic emotions with facial expressions that are cross-cultural and universal are "anger", "contempt", "disgust", "fear", "happiness", "neutral", "sadness", and "surprise".
- There may be difficulty with more complex emotions such as "embarrassment", "shame", "pride", "guilt", "envy", "joy", "trust", "interest", "contempt", and "anticipation".
(Printable)
Links to Resource/Research Information:
- ASPERGER'S SYNDROME: PROBLEMS INTERPRETING THE SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL WORLD, IAN Interactive Autism Network.
- Baron-Cohen, S., Golan, O., Ashwin, E., "Can emotion recognition be taught to children with autism spectrum conditions?", Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B (2009) 364, 3567–3574 doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0191
- Bird, G., Silani, G., Brindley, R., White, S., Frith, U., Singer, T., Empathic brain responses in insula are modulated by levels of alexithymia but not autism, Brain 2010: 133; 1515–1525.
- Brewer, R., Biotti, F., Catmur, C., Press, C., Happe, F., Cook, R., Bird, G., Can Neurotypical Individuals Read Autistic Facial Expressions?
Atypical Production of Emotional Facial Expressions in Autism Spectrum Disorders, Autism Research 9: 262–271, 2016.
- Brewer, R., Catmur, C., Stoycos, S., Marsh, A., Cardinale, E., Cook, R., The Impact of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Alexithymia on Judgments
of Moral Acceptability, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2015, Vol. 124, No. 3, 589- 595.
- Brewer, R., Murphy, J., People with autism can read emotions, feel empathy, Spectrum, 7/12/2016.
- Cook, J., Blakemore, S., Press, C., Atypical basic movement kinematics in autism spectrum conditions, Brain 2013: 136; 2816–2824.
- Emotional development in children with autism spectrum disorder, Raisingchildren.net.au.
- Lopez-Duran, N., Understanding spoken emotions by children with autism, Child-psych.org/2009/08.
- McClure, M., Stanford researchers investigate the emotional side of autism, Stanford Report, August 13, 2012.
- Poirier, K., Teaching Emotional Awarness in Autism, Social Potential, October 12, 2015.
- Prizant, B. M. (2015) Uniquely Human. Simon & Schuster: New York, New York.