Cognition:
- Learning to think about things, people, and events in abstract ways may be a struggle.
- Manipulating ideas in order to organize, prioritize and sequence thoughts and actions may be slow to develop.
- Connecting the details to see the "big picture" may be a difficult task.
- Learning to organize, priortize and sequence information may be difficult.
- Information processing, prediction of consequences of an action, temporal concepts, and executive function may be slow to develop.
- Central coherence may be weak with poor perception of context along with the details.
- Executive function that involves planning, organization, flexibility and monitoring may be delayed.
- Planning the steps to complete a task may be difficult.
- Using working memory to recall the steps needed to complete a task may be a struggle.
- The ability to shift thinking from one activity to another may be poor.
- Impulse control in order to stay focused on the current activity may be limited.
- A person may need to do one thing at a time.
- A person may see things in concrete terms with no gray areas.
- A person may have significant abilities in music or math.
- A person may have considerable skill in remembering details such as names, facts, or trivial information.
- The ability to manipulate ideas for problem solving may be difficult.
- There may be superficial depth of knowledge on a specific topic.
- A person may be slow to process information.
- It may be a struggle to connect ideas causing difficulty with temporal concepts, sequencing of events, and scenarios/narratives.
- The ability to engage in pretense, humor and inference may be limited.
- Cognition is related in various ways to other features of autism. Please see the Social Interaction Feature, the Perspective Feature, and the Reading Feature in this web site.
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Links to Resource/Research Information:
- Why is Categorization Important?, Autism Journeys, 1/24/13.
- Educating Children with Autism (2001) Chapter: 7 Cognitive Development, The National Academic Press.
- Baron-Cohen, S., The cognitive neuroscience of autism, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Pshchiatry, Volume 75, Issue 7.
- Behrmann, M., Thomas, C., Humphreys, K., Seeing It Differently: Visual Processing in Autism, Carnegie Mellon University, 2006.
- Bornstein, M., Arterberry, M., The Development of Object Categorization in Young Children: Hierarchical Inclusiveness, Age, Perceptual Attribute, and Group Versus Individual Analyses, Developmental Psychology, 2010 Mar, 46(2): 350-365.
- Church, B., Krauss, M., Lopata, C., Toomey, J., Thomeer, M., Coutinho, M., Volker, M., Mercado, E., Atypical Categorization in Children with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder, Psychological Bulletin Review, 2010 Dec, 17(6): 862-868.
- Gastgeb, H., Strauss, M., Categorization in ASD: The Role of Typicality and Development, Perspectives in Language Learning Education, 2012 Mar 1: 19(2): 66-74.
- Happe, F., Autism: cognitive deficit or cognitive style?, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Vol. 3, N. 6, June 1999.
- Hedvall, A., Fernell, E., Holm, A., Johnels, J., Gillberg, C., Billstedt, E., Autism, Processing Speed, and Adaptive Functioning in Preschool Children, The Scientific World Journal, Volume 2013 (2013).
- Hogan, K., Nonverbal Thinking, Communication, Imitation, and
Play Skills with some Things To Remember, TEACCH Autism Program.
- Long, C., Gurka, M., Blackman, J., Cognitive Skills of Young Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder Using the BSID-III, Autism Research and Treatment, Vol. 2011 (2011).
- Klin, A., Jones, W., Schultz, R., Volkmar, F., The enactive mind, or from actions to cognition:
lessons from autism, The Royal Society, Jan. 20, 2003.
- Leekam, S., Social cognitive impairment and autism:
what are we trying to explain?, Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society B, Volume 371, Jan. 19, 2016.
- McDonald, D., Concept Attainment: Instruction Suitable for All, Academic Exchange Quarterly Summer 2015 ISSN 1096-1453 Volume 19, Issue 2.
- Mullin, M., How does processing speed affect learning?, Bits of Wisdom for All, 11/22/2010.
- Organising, sequencing and prioritising, The National Autism Society, reviewed 4/25/2017.
- Prizant, B. M. (2015) Uniquely Human. Simon & Schuster: New York, New York.
- Rajendran, G., Mitchell, P., Cognitive theories of autism, Developmental Review 27 (2007) 224-260.
- Ruggeri, A., Feufel, M., How basic-level objects facilitate question-asking in a categorization task, Frontiers in Psychology 07/10/2015.
- Vitrano, J., Object Categorization in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), City University of New York (CUNY), 9/27/15.
- Williams, D., Goldstein, G., Minshew, N., Impaired memory for faces and social scenes in autism: clinical implications of memory dysfunction, Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20 (2005) 1-15.